End of Life Peace Without Pain

End of Life Peace without fuss Jacqueline R. Reviel Loyola University New Orleans End of Life Peace without annoying sensation injure counseling during end of life care is decisive to the shelter and wild pansy of the enduring and their family. With better distress control, dying tolerants hold up longer and better. put out shortens life. Relief of put out extends life (Zerwekh et al. , 2006, p. 317). The nurse must educate nigh (a) disease pathology, (b) signs & symptoms, (c) interventions, (d) medications, (e) alternating(a) therapies, and (f) validating care, related to end of life care.Pain management involves under(a)standing the pharmacological issues, and management issues surrounding opioid drugs used for pain control. The identification of (a) treat diagnosing, (b) implementation, and (c) education are essential in keeping the persevering and family commodious and at peace. Pathology, Signs and Symptoms End of life presents with specific pathology whic h fucking cause extreme pain and dis soothe. The bodys organs cast blast to shut down as cobblers last approaches hypoventilation causes hypoxemia and hypercapnia in tress increasing the workload of the heart as it tries to oxygenate the vital organs.The kidneys and liver begin to fail and toxins begin to build up. The heart fails as it offert keep up with the demand. Zerwekh (2006) lists specific signs and symptoms associated with death (a) reduced level of consciousness, (b) taking no fluids or only sips, (c) decreased urine output, (d) progressing gelidity and mottling in legs and arms, (e) irregular labored breathing periods of no breathing, and (f) the death rattle. Diagnosis & InterventionsDiagnoses related to end of life care are (a) powerless tissue perfusion, (b) Alteration in comfort, (c) Activity fanaticism, (d) Impaired gas alter (e) Ineffective breathing patterns, and (f) Decreased cardiac output. Interventions are attached to each(prenominal) diagnosis and a plan of care is established for the persevering. Interventions for alternation in comfort include (a) eldritch, (b) pharmacological, and (c) option methods. Ineffective tissue perfusion involves (a) office, (b) O2, and (c) fluid management.Activity intolerance is managed by pacing periods of activity with rest. Impaired gas exchange is managed by decreasing fluid shifts with medication. Ineffective airway clearance is helped by (a) positioning and (b) suctioning to clear the airway. Disturbed thought processes interventions are (a) reorient the unhurried, (b) supporting family, and (c) visitors at times when the patient is most alert. Interventions are tailored specially to the patients needs and their disease process. Pain management Dying does not need to be painful (Moynihan et al. , 2003 p. 401). Holistic pain management is crucial during end of life care. Terminally sickly patients stooge have (a) physical, (b) phantasmal and (c) emotional pain. Providing comfort is i mportant in decreasing suffering. Emotional pain potbelly be addressed by (a) laughter, (b) memories, and (c) trace. Spiritual pain can be helped with (a) prayer, (b) meditation, (c) talking, (d) listening, (e) pastoral care, and (f) providing the last rights. Physical pain is managed pharmacologically and with alternative comfort measures. Opioids are given to treat severe pain at the end of life.Parlow (2005) used nitrous oxide to control incident pain in goally ill patients with positive results. Pharmacological issue related to pain management Pharmacological issues surrounding pain management are (a) issues of dependence under medication, (b) legal repercussions, (c) respiratory effects, and (d) berth effects. Zerwekh (2006) sums up the fallacy of addiction by stating persons with addiction take their opioids to escape life, whereas persons with pain take their opioids to live life more beneficialy. These issues and lack of agnizeledge often cause Physicians to under med icate during end of life care.The nurse needs to have full understanding of how opioids work and how to adjust the medications to control severe pain and break of serve though pain without entering into (a) legal issues, (b) respiratory depression and (c) side effects. Complementary and alternative therapies Along with the pharmacological methods to keep the patient cozy there are many alternative method the nurse can use and teach the family to assist with giving the family the endowment of caring for their love one and tonusing like they are helping.The patient also benefits from the touch and interaction from his or her love ones. Therapies such as (a) massage, (b) therapeutic touch, (c) head imagery, (d) aromatherapy, (e) hypnosis and (f) relaxation, are just a few alternative therapies used. Supportive nursing care Often when a family member is dying their loved ones do not know what to say or do and often feel helpless. While providing care for the patient the nurse engag es the family in the care and breaks down the fear that they cant touch the dying patient. The nurse encourages the family to (a) gather, (b) share, and (c) grieve.The family and patient are educated to end of life care so they know what to expect and can recognize it. By giving the family these skills it is a gift so the family has time to say goodbye and to spend the last geezerhood in peace not in fear and chaos. The nurse manages symptoms so the patient and the family can concentrate on each other. OBrien (2011) utter one of the best ways of providing spiritual support in this event is to allow the patient and family to verbalize their feelings for the dying person one of the sterling(prenominal) spiritual gifts a nurse can give is to listen (Burns, 1991, p. 1). longanimous & Family education Education gives the patient and the family great power and strength to demonstrate the path ahead and not be fearful of the process. Discussion around key in coifion such as (a) the p atients wishes, (b) spiritual care, (c) visitation, (d) pain control, (e) disease process, (f) multi organ failure, (g) specific signs and symptoms, (h) interventions that can be provided, (i) interventions the patient may not want, (j) comfort care, and (k) funeral arrangements, must take place with the patient and their family.Patients may believe that pain is to be expected and education communicate them that comfort will bring them quality time to spend with their loved ones and to not suffer in silences is vital. Encouraging the family to (a) hold their love ones hand, (b) knock hair, (c) massage, and (d) talk to them until they take their last breath, is all education the nurse encourages. The nurses utilisation is to (a) support, (b) pray and (c) answer question that might arise. Conclusion Caring for patients as they die involves (a) a great deal of knowledge, (b) compassion, and (c) caring, on the nurses part.Effective pain management decreases suffering in the terminall y ill patient and can make all the difference in how the patient arrives at the end of life. The nurse must be versed and comfortable with the many issues surrounding end of life care so she or he can advocate for the needs of the patient and their family. The nurses role in (a) educating, (b) providing spiritual care, and (c) physiological care, to the patient and their family during this very important and stressful time plays a huge part in the comfort and peace that they experience as they journey down the path of sack and grieving.References Moynihan, T. J. (2003). Use of opioids in the treatment os severe pain in terminally ill patients-Dying should not be painful. Mayo Clin Proc. , 1397-1401. OBrien, M. E. (2011). Spirituality in nursing Standing on holy ground. Sudbury, MA Jones Barlett Learning. Parlow, J. L. (2005). Self-administered nitrous oxide for the management of incident pain in the terminally ill patient A blind case series. Palliative Medicine, 19 3-8. Zerwekh, J. V. (2006). Nursing care at the end of life Palliative care for patients and families.Philadelphia, PA F. A. Davis Company. LOYOLA UNIVERSITY NEW siege of Orleans NURS 384 End-of-Life Issues Paper schoolchild _Jackie Reviel__________________________Semester_Fall__Year_2011__ Directions The office of this paper is to examine end-of-life issues. Write a 4-5 page paper on one of the topics that are suggested in your syllabus. pore the paper on the care of the terminally-ill patient education of patient and family, and supportive nursing care. Use ast least 4 references (current text and articles) for this assignment and format paper in APA style.Criteria End-of-Life Issues Paper Max. Points order 1. Describes terminal Illness. Include pathology and signs and symptoms 15 2. Identify palliative care/interventions associated with illness 15 3. Address pharmacological issues related to terminal illness 10 4. Address complementary and alternative therapies 15 5. Describe supporti ve nursing care related to terminal Illness. 15 6. Discuss at least 5 nursing diagnosis taken from those listed in the North American Diagnosis Association. 15 7. earmark key information to be discussed with patients families on terminal illness. 15 integral Comments Faculty Signature _______________________________Date_______________________ LOYOLA UNIVERSITY NEW ORLEANS Evaluation of Communication Skills Student ________________________________Semester ____Year _____Skill in communication is defined as the ability to (a) efficaciously express ideas through a variety of media, (b) use communication technology to enhance personal and professional functioning, and (c) use the group process for the purpose of achieving common goals. Note Your grade on Communication Skills will make up 10% of your final course grade. You will be rated using a scale of 0-10, where 0 indicates no conviction and 10 indicates maximum credit for the item indicated. Writing Criteria Nursing Res earch Critique Paper Score 1. Use appropriate language and erminology. 2. Use correct sentence building and paragraphing. 3. Use correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation. 4. Demonstrate knowledge of relevant content areas. 5. expect ideas clearly and convincingly. 6. Organize ideas logically. 7. Use APA format correctly. 8. Overall effectiveness of the indite work in meeting identified goals. Communication Skills Pts clear (_____)/ 80 pts = _____% Letter Grade____ Percent of Final Course Grade Pts earned (____)/ 80 pts =___% X 10 = ____% Comments Faculty Signature____________________________________Date______________