Ethical behaviour of UK supermarket Tesco Essay

IntroductionI carried out a seek on UK supermarkets societal responsibilities and business ethics, I decided I will use Tesco plc for this assignment. The reason organism Tesco has a wide range of policies regarding their provider, customers, sh be attachers and the community.At Tesco, we aim to make a positive contribution to society. Our CSR program builds on this commitment and is backed by our Every Little Helps approach. John Gardiner, chairman, TescoTesco adopted both the self-confidence theory and the stakeholder theory and it has the intelligent self-interest (Mullins 2002). Tesco uses a combination approach of deontology, utilitarianism, teleology and egoism (Boddy 2002) to the honorable of the society.An ethical assessment will consider the position of the staff, the nature and interrelationship of activities, product and service ranges, mixes and balances, relationships with the community and the purlieu.Stakeholders of TescoStakeholder is delineate by Mullins (20021 45) as individuals or groups who have an interest in and/or be affected by the goals, operations or activities of the formation or the behaviour of its members.Stakeholders dirty dog be categorised into three primary(prenominal) groupsInternal stakeholders* Employees Social responsibilities to employees beyond the employment contracts. Employees need to face the implications much(prenominal) as job security, honorable workings conditions, fair treatment, the creation of rewarding work and ad hominem development. Employees require equal opportunities, promotions, trade union, pedagogy and job satisfaction.* Management Management concerns about the growth of the organisation and to achieve the organisational objectives. Management have infrangible influences on staff, lead by example and management by walking about domiciliate march on its staff to produce their best writ of execution.External stakeholders* Community & surroundings The demands for the community and en vironment are authorization of pollution, noise and disposal waste should be kept to the minimum, raw materials are used economically and environment friendly production.* Society Society is the broader place in which business operates. The quality of all our lives will expect on how well the organisation balances its profit and the environment.Connected stakeholders* Shareholder There are three types of shareholders shortsighted term spendors, long term investors and ethical investors. Short term investors simply concentrate on the performance of the organisation, they will have no time for considerations of social responsibilities. Long term investors may be voluntary to consider evidence that managing in a socially responsible way helps long term profits. ethical investors place social priorities higher than maximising their own personal wealth and are willing to invest in organisations that follow clear socially responsible policies.* Customers Customers expect organisa tions to provide them with goods and services. They want the goods/service to be good quality, durable, good value for money, safety and performance.Consideration of PowerAll stakeholder groups have influence end-to-end the organisation. These influences effect the organisational performance and their man within its market sector.* Employees They can reflect their thoughts through the trade union, i.e. collect pay raise, better working conditions, equal opportunities etc. If the employees are mistreated they can take industrial actions against the organisation or have an industrial strike to force the organisation to meet their needs.* Community & environment If there is a potential of pollution, noise, disposal waste or the local anesthetic county council can apply laws and regulations to determine those actions or to take legal actions against the organisation.* Society If the quality of our life is affected by the organisation, campaigners can hold daily protests outside t he organisation, this will attract bad publicity for the organisation.* Shareholders They can simply withdrawn their investment from the organisation, i.e. selling their shares. Alternatively shareholders can attend the annual meeting and vote against the organisational suggestions.* Customers They can simply wind up consuming the goods or services from the organisation. I considered the customers have the main power over an organisation, without any customers the organisation simply cannot survive.Any organisation needs to take its stakeholders interests into account. A good balance of the decisions is vitally important, we can see how the influences have impact upon the organisation and any unbalance decision will affect the existence of the organisation.Tescos Mission StatementCreating value for customers, to earn their lifetime loyaltyWe can see from the higher up statement that Tesco concentrates on the long-term relationship with its customers. Tesco focused on providing exceptional value and choice for customers to learn that they continue to grow market share.Tesco had expended significantly in the past 10 years, it started in non-food retailing in 1997 and now Tesco is creating value on a wide range of products from grocery to monetary services such as personal loan, home and motor insurance and credit card services.From these evidences we can see Tesco is working very hard to follow its mission statement to achieve its goal.Tescos actions towards the societyTesco combined the delegation theory and the stakeholder theory (Mullins 2002) when they make any ethical decisions.Milton Friedmans spot (Mullins 2002148) suggested the agency theory is that the social responsibility of business is to make as much money as possible for the shareholders, within the rules of the game.Mullins (2002149) specify the stakeholder theory is that a business is for its stakeholders and its actions should be designed to balance stakeholder interest.Tesco uses the agency theory to decide its main objective, it is to provide excellent goods and services to earn their customers loyalty. This will ensure their existence on the market and to maximise the shareholders investment. On the another(prenominal) hand, Tesco uses the stakeholder theory to act on behalf on its stakeholders interests, such as contribution towards the society, bang for the environment and responsible to the supplier chain.Tesco as well as uses a combination approach of deontology, utilitarianism, teleology and egoism (Boddy 2002) to the ethical of the society.Deontology comingDeontology is based on the idea that we are morally obliged to follow fundamental rules of thumb or principles. (Frankena 1963) Fulop & Linstead (1999339)Part of the Tesco strategy of Treat people how we like to be treated uses the deontology approach to the ethics of the people, the policies are as follow* All retailers, theres one teamThe Tesco Team* Trust and see apiece other* Strive to do o ur very best* Give stake to each other and praise more than criticise* Ask more than tell and share knowledge so that it can be used* Enjoy work, celebrate success and learn from experienceTesco acts barely on those principles so that they are not only Treat people how we like to be treated, but also wish others to do the same.Utilitarianism ApproachUtilitarianism judges the moral worth of actions by the utility of their foreseeable consequences for each and every person affected by a certain denounce of actions. Fulop & Linstead (1999339)Tesco aims to be responsible in their commercial and affair activities. Tesco is a member of the Ethical Trade Initiative since it was founded in 1998, on occur of that, it also supports the work of Fairtrade Foundation. They sell and promote Fairtrade production such as tea, coffee, banana and chocolate. Fairtrade Foundation was set out to give better deal for third world producers, regardless of the world market conditions.There are several reasons why Tesco uses the utilitarianism approach to the ethics of the society. First it wants to build a strong relationship with its supplier and to maintain their reputation within the market sector. From the result of having strong relationship with its suppliers, they will have a stable supply for its goods and services.Teleology ApproachIt considers whether the outcome of an action accomplishes the real goal. Boddy (2002133)Tesco uses the teleology approach to consider whether the outcomes achieve the pilot light goals. Boddy (2002) suggested that if an act ensures the continuation of the organisation then it is right.From Tescos mission statement we can see that the original goal for Tesco is to keep its market share and continue to grow within its market sector by creating value for its customers. It is obvious that Tesco is performance very well in its industry, they keep expanding their services and products (from grocery to financial services), which indicates the con tinue growth for Tesco.Egoism ApproachThis is the ethics of self-interest, claiming that personal or corporate benefit is the only rational criterion for judging economic actions. Boddy (2002133)Tesco is a financial contributor to the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experimentation (FRAME), and they are seeking ways to end animal testing. Tesco also carries out the Computers for Schools vouchers, which support local school to improve their computer equipments, to create a better learning environment for children. Tesco is a national sponsor of Cancer Research UKs Race for Life, this is only part of the benignity plant life that Tesco has, there is also a Tesco Charity Trust which helps local and national charities as well as voluntary organisations to provide practical support for children, the elderly, and people with disabilities.Tesco uses this approach to take above actions to contribute towards the local community. Boddy (2002) suggested that if people follow t his principle it will result in general good. Because of the contribution Tesco made (Computers for Schools vouchers and charitys activities), customers are more happy to shop in Tesco because they are able to maximise their personal self-interest towards the society.Improvement in ethical behaviour of TescoTesco has a wide range of ethical policies to concoct different subject areas, they include the following* Human right* Local community sponsorship* Charity* Ethical trading* Fairtrade* Animal Testing* EnvironmentThese are only a small selection of Tescos policies which I can find on its website, there are many more policies to cover different area of the ethical aspect. Since we are in a dynamic business world and there is no set policy can cover all changes, Tesco should expand its policies and to improve and maintain its reputation.ConclusionSurvival or long-term performance is the main ethical duty of the organisation, its staff, customers, community and other stakeholders. For this to happen, a long-term view must be taken. Organisation must distinguish between right and wrong. It is necessary for the organisation to blot the nature and legitimacy of the interests of the different stakeholder groups and interested parties, and to take steps to see that these are widely still and satisfied as far as possible.BibliographyBoddy D, (2002), 2nd Edition, Management An Introduction, Pearson program line Ltd, HarlowFulop L & Linstead S, (1999), Management A Critical Text, Macmillan Press Ltd, HampshireHannagan T, (1995), Management Concepts & Practices, Pitman Publishing, LondonMegginson L, Mosley & Pietri P Jr, (1986), 2nd Edition, Management Concepts and Applications, Harper & actors line Publishers Inc, New YorkMullins L, (2002), 6th Edition, Management & Organisational Behaviour, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowPettinger R, (2002), 3rd Edition, Introduction to Management, Palgrave, HampshireRobbins S & Coulter M, (2003), 7th Edition, Management, Pears on Education Inc, New JerseyInternet Resourceshttp//www.tesco.com/corporateinfo/ 14/03/2004http//www.tesco.com/everylittlehelps/ 14/03/2004ReferenceBoddy D, (2002), 2nd Edition, Management An Introduction, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowFulop L & Linstead S, (1999), Management A Critical Text, Macmillan Press Ltd, HampshireMullins L, (2002), 6th Edition, Management & Organisational Behaviour, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowInternet Resourceshttp//www.tesco.com/corporateinfo/ 14/03/2004http//www.tesco.com/everylittlehelps/ 14/03/2004